Bandages are an essential part of medical care, commonly used to protect and support wounds and injuries. There are many types of bandages in first aid, and knowing these bandage types and their names can be helpful in emergency situations. Let’s explore the different types of bandages and their specific uses.
A bandage is a medical device used to cover, protect, and support wounds or injuries. It can also be employed to apply pressure to control bleeding and reduce swelling.
Bandages play a crucial role in the healing process by keeping wounds clean, preventing infection, and promoting recovery. You may have used a simple crepe or wound bandage before, but even apart from these, there are many different types of bandages.
They are made from various materials like cotton, gauze, elastic, or adhesive strips, and their selection depends on the type and severity of the injury.
Bandages can be applied to almost any part of the body, provided there is an injury or wound that requires protection or support. Common areas where bandages are applied include:
There are various types of bandages available, each serving a specific purpose. Let’s take a look at the different types of bandages and their uses.
1. Roller bandage
The roller bandage is one of the most versatile and widely used type of bandages. It is a long strip of material that comes in varying widths and can be made from cotton, gauze, or elastic. Roller bandages can be used for a variety of applications, including dressing wounds, supporting sprains or strains, and providing compression to control bleeding or swelling. They come in different lengths, making them suitable for different body parts.
2. Crepe bandages (gauze bandages):
Crepe bandages, also known as gauze bandages, are made from a cotton or cotton blend material. Elastic and crepe bandages have a slightly rough texture that helps them adhere to the skin without the need for adhesive. Crepe bandages are commonly used for providing compression and support to injured limbs, especially in cases of sprains, strains, or joint injuries.
Uses of crepe bandages
How to Apply a Crepe Bandage
A crepe bandage is a type of bandage commonly used for muscle injuries. It provides support and compression to the affected area, helping to reduce pain and promote healing. Of all the different types of bandages used in first aid, this is the one that’s most commonly used. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to apply a crepe bandage for muscle injury:
Step 1: Prepare the area: Ensure the injured area is clean and dry before applying the bandage. If needed, use a mild soap and water to clean the skin.
Step 2: Start distally: Begin wrapping the crepe bandage around the injured muscle, starting at the base of the affected area.
Step 3: Wrap in a spiral pattern: Gradually wrap the bandage in a spiral pattern, moving upward towards the centre of the injury. Ensure each turn of the bandage overlaps the previous by 2/3rd its width, leaving 1/3rd uncovered.
Step 4: Maintain tension: While wrapping the bandage, maintain consistent tension to provide adequate support and compression. Be cautious not to wrap too tightly, as this can impede blood flow and cause discomfort.
Step 5: Cover the entire area: Continue wrapping until the entire injured muscle is covered by the crepe bandage. Extend the bandage slightly beyond the affected area to ensure proper coverage and support.
Step 6: Secure the end: Once the injured muscle is covered, secure the end of the crepe bandage with clips or tape to keep it in place.
3. Compression bandages
How to apply a compression bandage to a sprained ankle
In addition to knowing the different types of bandages in first aid, you should also know how to apply them. Applying a compression bandage to a sprained ankle is an effective way to reduce swelling and provide support to the injured joint. Follow these steps to apply a compression bandage to a sprained ankle:
Step 1: Preparation: Before applying the compression bandage, clean the affected ankle area and gently pat it dry.
Step 2: Starting point: Begin wrapping above the ankle, wrapping the bandage around it a few times to anchor it securely.
Step 3: Heel and arch: Gradually work your way from your ankle to the heel, wrapping around in a figure 8 pattern. Ensure the bandage is snug but not overly tight.
Step 4: Ankle joint: Once the bandage reaches the ankle joint, make several turns around the ankle to provide ample support to the injured area.
Step 5: Calf area: After securing the ankle, continue wrapping the compression bandage up the calf muscle. Each layer should overlap the previous one by about half its width.
Step 6: Secure the end: Once the entire ankle and calf are covered, secure the end of the compression bandage with clips or tape to keep it from unravelling.
Even under compression bandages, there are 2 different types of bandages with different uses. Let’s take a look at them.
Short-stretch compression bandages
Short-stretch compression bandages are elastic bandages with limited stretch capabilities. Unlike their long-stretch counterparts, these bandages provide less elasticity, making them ideal for providing high compression with minimal recoil. Short-stretch bandages are commonly used in medical settings for managing conditions that require sustained and consistent compression.
Long-stretch compression bandages
Long-stretch compression bandages are highly elastic and can be stretched to a significant length. They have excellent recoil properties, meaning they can return to their original shape after stretching. These bandages are designed to provide sustained compression even during movement, making them suitable for various medical applications.
Applying a compression bandage correctly can significantly aid the healing process for a sprained ankle. However, remember that a compression bandage is not a substitute for professional medical evaluation and treatment. If you have a severe sprain or any doubts about applying the bandage, seek medical attention for proper assessment and care.
4. Snake bite bandage
You may think you already know all the different bandage types and names, but have you heard of the snake bite bandage? Snake bite bandages are specialised bandages designed for the immediate treatment of snake bites. They are typically made from an elastic compression material and are used to slow the spread of venom in the body after a snake bite occurs.
Uses of Snake Bite Bandage
First aid for snake bites: When someone is bitten by a venomous snake, applying a snake bite bandage immediately can help impede the movement of venom through the lymphatic system, slowing its progression into the bloodstream.
Pressure immobilisation technique: Snake bite bandages are often used in conjunction with the pressure immobilisation technique. This technique involves wrapping the affected limb with the bandage, applying firm pressure, and immobilising the limb with a splint or sling to reduce venom spread.
Emergency treatment: Snake bite bandages are essential in the wilderness or remote areas where access to medical care may be limited. They can provide temporary relief until the victim can receive proper medical attention
It's important to note that while snake bite bandages can be valuable in emergency situations, they should never replace professional medical treatment. After applying the bandage, the affected individual should seek immediate medical attention to receive antivenom and further medical evaluation. Proper identification of the snake is also crucial for administering the correct antivenom.
5. Triangular bandages
Triangular bandages are versatile pieces of fabric shaped like a right-angled triangle. They are commonly made of cotton or muslin. Triangular bandages can be used in various ways, which makes this type of bandage an essential part of any first aid kit.
Uses of triangular bandages
1. Arm sling: Triangular bandages are frequently used to create an arm sling, providing support and immobilization for forearm and wrist injuries. An arm sling helps reduce movement and promote healing by keeping the injured limb in a comfortable position.
2. Head and neck injuries: These bandages can be used to stabilise the head and neck in case of injuries or suspected cervical spine trauma. They provide support and help minimise movement during transportation to medical facilities.
3. Pressure dressing: Triangular bandages can be folded and used as a pressure dressing to make donuts pads or ball padding.
4. Splinting: When combined with other materials like sticks or boards, triangular bandages can be used to create makeshift splints for fractures or dislocations.
How to apply a triangular bandage (sling for forearm and wrist injuries)
Step 1: Preparation: Ensure the triangular bandage is clean and free from any debris.
Fold the triangular bandage into a broad fold (half the width of the bandage) to ensure adequate support.
Step 2: Positioning the bandage: Place the midpoint of the folded bandage at the front of the injured shoulder, allowing the two ends to hang down.
Step 3: Supporting the arm: Gently raise the injured arm and place it into the sling, ensuring the forearm is resting across the chest with the wrist slightly higher than the elbow.
Step 4: Securing the ends: Take the end of the triangular bandage from the uninjured side (opposite to the injured arm) and bring it over the injured forearm and behind the neck, meeting the other end.
Step 5: Tying the ends: Tie the two ends together in a secure knot behind the neck, ensuring the arm is comfortably supported in the sling.
Step 6: Adjustment: Check that the sling is not too tight, and the injured arm is comfortably supported. The hand and fingers should not feel numb, and there should be no excessive pressure on the neck.
Broad-Fold Bandage
A broad-fold bandage is a type of bandage that is folded to provide extra layers and coverage. The additional layers make it suitable for providing support and compression to larger areas or bulky injuries.
Narrow-Fold Bandage
A narrow-fold bandage is a type of bandage that is folded to create a narrower width. It is ideal for providing support and compression to smaller areas or injuries, especially on areas where a broader bandage might be too cumbersome.
Pad
A pad is a cushioning material often made of soft cotton or gauze. It is used in combination with bandages to protect wounds, absorb fluids, and provide extra padding to reduce pressure on the injury.
Tubular Bandages
Tubular bandages are cylindrical, stretchable bandages designed to slide over body parts, such as arms and legs. They are often made of elastic material and are available in various sizes to fit different body areas.
Uses of Tubular Bandages
1. Support and compression: Tubular bandages are commonly used to provide support and compression to limbs, especially for managing sprains, strains, or muscle injuries.
2. Postoperative dressing: After certain surgical procedures, tubular bandages may be used to secure dressings and provide gentle compression to the operated area.
3. Controlling Edema: Tubular bandages can help manage oedema (swelling) by applying consistent pressure to the affected area, promoting fluid drainage.
How to apply a tubular bandage
Step 1: Choose the right size: Select a tubular bandage that fits comfortably over the limb without being too tight or loose.
Step 2: Insert the limb: Gently slide the tubular bandage over the injured or affected limb. Ensure the bandage is evenly distributed over the area.
Step 3: Adjustment: Make any necessary adjustments to ensure the tubular bandage is providing adequate support and compression. It should feel snug but not constricting.
Cohesive bandages
Cohesive bandages, also known as self-adhesive bandages, are elastic bandages that stick to themselves without requiring any clips or tape. They are made of a special material that adheres to the skin and provides excellent support without being sticky or leaving residue. Let’s take a look at the uses of this type of bandage.
Uses of cohesive bandages
1. Joint support: Cohesive bandages are commonly used for supporting and stabilising joints, such as the wrists, ankles, knees, and fingers, during physical activity, fracture recovery or for injury recovery.
2. Compression: They are also used as compression bandages to manage swelling, and oedema, or to control bleeding in certain situations.
3. Sports injuries: Cohesive bandages are popular in sports medicine for wrapping sprains, strains, and other minor injuries in athletes.
4. Securing dressings: They are effective for securing wound dressings in place without the need for additional tapes or clips.
Cohesive bandages are highly versatile and offer a wide range of applications in both medical and sports settings. They are a valuable addition to any first aid kit and can be used in various situations that require support, compression, and protection.
6. Wound care bandages
You also get bandages for wound care, which can be used to dress cuts and wounds. These bandages are for everyday use, to cover and protect small wounds. They come in different sizes, and should be used in accordance with the size of your wound. You get special, small-sized bandages for small puncture wounds, as well as bigger self-adhesive bandages, for larger wounds. You also get waterproof bandages that can help you go about your day without worrying about water getting into your wound. Stocking up on these bandages for your first aid kit is advisable to ensure basic safety.
These are all the different types of bandages and their uses that you need to know about. Bandages are essential tools in wound care and injury management and they come in various types, each designed to fulfil specific purposes. Roller bandages offer versatility, while crepe bandages provide excellent support and compression for joint injuries and wound management. Properly applying and using bandages can significantly aid the healing process and promote a quicker recovery for various injuries.
If a bandage is applied very tight then it will compromise the blood supply to the distal part. Check the colour of the distal part immediately after applying the bandage and after a few minutes.
Knowing these bandage types and their names and uses can help you out immensely in situations where first aid is needed. However, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper guidance on bandage usage and wound care, especially for severe or complicated injuries.
Please note that the above recommendations are general care tips. Consult a healthcare professional in case of any uncertainty around wound treatment and healing.
Always see your doctor if a wound is deep, bleeding profusely or showing signs of infection. For diabetic patients especially, proper wound care holds the utmost importance. Do not hesitate to discuss any concerns you may have with your doctor or your podiatrist, even when it comes to minor wounds and cut–especially if they’re on your feet.
The information provided through this website should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Although compiled with great care, it is not a substitute for professional advice. If you have or suspect a health problem, consult your doctor immediately.
For further information regarding Hansaplast products, please contact us via email at customer.care@bdfindia.com
Dr. Bharucha holds a rich 37-year experience as a Senior Instructor and Master Trainer certified by HSSC, ITLS (USA), and the American Heart Association, while also serving as the Director of the Lifesupporters Institute of Health Sciences in Mumbai.
